Samuel B. Merrill, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Camp Ripley Environmental Office, 15000 Highway 115, Little Falls, MN 56345, USA; Craig E. Erickson, Minnesota Department of Military Affairs, Camp Ripley Environmental Office, 15000 Highway 115, Little Falls, MN 56345, USA

We examined relationships between military training activities and wolf GPS data from Camp Ripley National Guard Training Site in Little Falls, Minnesota. Scripts were written in Arc-View macro language to merge military activity and wolf data sets, and wolf movements were examined in response to individual firing events. Directions of wolf movements both during and immediately following firing events were uniformly random, regardless of distance to firing point, type of weapon system used, or age of the wolf. No thresholds of tolerance to military firing activities were discernible. This reinforces developing notions of wolves' tolerance and adaptability to human activities. The Arc-View script used is presented, and sample plots of 'Distance to Firing Point vs. Response Angle' are provided.